18/03/08

Ortografia e pronuncia

La fonetica giapponese è molto semplice: è composta da 46 suoni puri a cui corrispondono altrettanti segni.

- 5 vocali (A E I O U) che possono avere suono breve o lungo
- 14 consonanti seguite sempre da una vocale, tranne la N. Questa infatti può comparire anche isolatamente nelle parole.

Aggiungendo il NIGORI (due trattini) o un MARU (piccolo cerchio) nella parte superiore dei segni di alcuni puri, otteniamo 20 suoni impuri e 5 semipuri.

Combinando alcuni suoni con YA YU YO, si ottengono i suoni contratti.

Le vocali lunghe si disinguono da quelle corte per mezzo di una linea collocata sopra la vocale: con questa linea la pronuncia cambia da Toshi (anno) a Tooshi (investimento).

RICORDA BENE:
  • S: è sempre sorda (salsa)
  • SH: sorda (sciame)
  • CH: sorda (cece)
  • TS: si pronuncia come la Z (spazio)
  • H: sempre aspirata
  • Y: è una consonante e si pronuncia come Yogurt.
  • R: è una via di mezzo tra R e L.
  • W: come la U di uomo.
  • G: è dura come Gatto e Ghiro.
  • Z: si pronuncia come Zenzero
  • J: come la G italiana di Giorgio
  • F: è aspirata, via di mezzo tra H e F. Appare solo nella sillaba FU.
La vocale I è muta quando si trova tra H e T e tra Sh e T: Hito (hto) Shita (S'ta)

La vocale I deve essere pronunciata distintamente quando precede le sillabe YA Yu Yo: Kyaku (chiacu) Kiyaku (chi-iacu) Jubun (giuubun) Jiyu (gi-iuu) Byoki (bioochi) Biyoshi (bi-ioosci)

La vocale U è quasi muta quando preceduta da S e Ts: Sukoshi (scosci) Tsuki (zchi)

La vocale U è muta anche quando fa parte delle sillabe FU BU PU KU: Futoi (ftoi) Buresuretto (bresretto) Purezento (prezento) Takusan (tacsan)

CURIOSITA'

Per trascrivere i caratteri giapponesi in caratteri latini, chiamati ROMAJI, il sistema più usato è l'HEPBURN, secondo il quale le vocali vengono lette all'italiana e le consonanti all'inglese.

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  1. Il giapponese è davvero una lingua affascinante...io all'università ho dato 2 esami di cinese perchè il giapponese non c'era, altrimenti mi sarei buttato alla grandissima! ^___^

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  2. Ciao Marco! Grazie della visita! Sì il giapponese è veramente affascinante e, anche se in un primo momento non sembra, molto facile!
    A presto!

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  3. Io sto cercando di imparare il giapponese da autodidatta... Ma è molto difficile...=) Per caso conosci un sito dove si traducono dai simboli le pronunce in giapponese? Grazie :)

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  4. ciao mi chiamo Claudia ho 14 anni e mi piacciono molto i manga è per questo che sto cercando di imparare il giapponese xkè così un giorno potro andare a visitarlo
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